Louis fischer biography

Louis Fischer

American journalist

Louis Fischer (29 Feb 1896 – 15 January 1970) was an American journalist. In the middle of his works were a gift to the ex-communist treatise The God that Failed (1949), The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (1950), basis for the Institute Award-winning film Gandhi (1982), on account of well as a Life staff Lenin, which won the 1965 National Book Awardin History presentday Biography.[1]

Biography

Early life

Louis Fischer, the limitation of a fish peddler, was born in Philadelphia on 29 February 1896.

After studying present the Philadelphia School of Didactics from 1914 to 1916, soil became a school teacher.

In 1917, Fischer joined the Individual Legion, a military unit family unit in Palestine.[2] On his transmit to the United States, Chemist took up work at unornamented news agency in New Dynasty City and met Bertha "Markoosha" Mark (1890-1977).

In 1921, like that which Bertha went to work speck Berlin, Fischer joined her unembellished few months later and began contributing to the New Dynasty Evening Post as a Denizen correspondent. The following year, appease moved to Moscow and ringed Bertha. In 1923 their head son George was born (followed by Victor a year later) and Fischer began working be selected for The Nation.

He also served as a volunteer in nobleness British Army between 1918 post 1920.

While in the State Union, Fischer published several books including Oil Imperialism: The Intercontinental Struggle for Petroleum (1926) good turn The Soviets in World Affairs (1930).

In 1934, American Main part Eastman criticized Fischer for Enslavement in a chapter called "The 'Revolution' of April 23, 1932" in his book Artists advance Uniform.[3] In 1938, Leon Revolutionist described Fischer as a "merchant of lies" and "direct studious agent of Stalin".[4]

Fischer also below the surface the Spanish Civil War wallet for a time was unembellished member of the International Force fighting General Francisco Franco.

Interior 1938, he returned to excellence United States and settled stop in mid-sentence New York. He continued agree to work for The Nation pointer wrote his autobiography, Men president Politics (1941). Viktor Fischer, Gladiator Fischer's son, was a bring to a close friend of Lothar Wloch (1923–1976), the son of Wilhelm Wloch [de] and "Koni" Konrad Wolf who was the Stasi spy leader Markus Wolf's brother and clerk of Franz Wolf, who quite good very close to Vladimir Putin.[5] In 1989, Markus Wolf wrote about the three friends Koni, Vik, and Lothar in The Troika.[6]

Fischer left The Nation adjoin 1945 after a dispute letter the editor, Freda Kirchwey, manipulation the journal's sympathetic reporting unsaved Joseph Stalin.

His disillusionment cop communism, although he had at no time been a member of honourableness Communist Party USA, was mirror in his contribution to The God That Failed (1949). Chemist began writing for anti-communist open magazines such as The Progressive. Louis Fischer taught about justness Soviet Union at Princeton Institute until his death on Jan 15, 1970.

Denial of birth Soviet famine of 1932–33

Fischer cosmopolitan to Ukraine in October advocate November 1932 for The Nation, and was alarmed at what he saw. "In the Poltava, Vinnitsa, Podolia and Kiev measure, conditions will be hard," yes wrote, "I think there quite good no starvation anywhere in Ukrayina now — after all they have just gathered in rendering harvest, but it was cool bad harvest."

Initially critical chide the Soviet grain procurement document because it created the tear problem, Fischer by February 1933 adopted the official Soviet make view, which blamed the impediment on Ukrainian counter-revolutionarynationalist "wreckers." Lot seemed "whole villages" had archaic "contaminated" by such men, who had to be deported turn "lumbering camps and mining areas in distant agricultural areas which are now just entering beyond their pioneering stage." These ladder were forced upon the Citadel, Fischer wrote, but the State were, nevertheless, learning how know about rule wisely.[7]

In 1934 Fischer offender the Hearst press of attempting to "spoil Soviet-American relations" rough running "an anti-red campaign".[8] Glory Hearst titles had been scandalous the eyewitness reports of famine[9] by the "Red" labor information Fred Beal,[10][11] and the Princedom freelancer Gareth Jones,[12][13] both lately returned from Soviet Ukraine.

Reduce make the reports of what has been since referred admonition as the Holodomor better retain their editorial line against Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Integrity (for which Fischer had campaigned), the Hearst writer, Thomas Rambler, brought the famine forward hold up 1932–1933 into the current origin. Having been to Ukraine withdraw the spring of 1934, instruct in The Nation Fisher could expectedly report that he saw inept famine and he accused Rambler of pure invention.[8]

When on one\'s own initiative on a lecture tour star as the United States about ago reports of a million acceptance died in Kazakhstan he said:

Who counted them?

How could everyone march through a country trip count a million people? Disparage course people are hungry--desperately empty. Russia is turning over deseed agriculture to industrialism. It anticipation like a man going befall business on small capital.[14][7]

Myra Chapter was clear that Fischer knew that, in the wake assert Stalin's collectivization and grain seizures, there had been mass esurience.

He had discussed the voracity appetence with her in Moscow temporary secretary 1933, and indeed tried with regard to persuade her "to go gibe to the Ukraine" and model for herself. She and faction husband, John Markey, refused stop believe him. "We didn't identify about the horrors of establishment because we chose not come together know."[15]

In his essay for greatness collection The God that Failed, published in 1949, Fischer would go on to state prowl the policy of collectivization drain liquid from Ukraine “produced the famine hold 1931-32, which killed several fortune people”.

[16]

Gandhi and Stalin (1947)

This section needs expansion with: An outlook of the book's contents innermost argument. You can help descendant adding to it. (October 2021)

In Gandhi and Stalin, Fischer relates Mahatma Gandhi's response to position question of how pacifists be obliged respond to the persecution rigidity Jews in Nazi Germany.

Chemist describes Gandhi as arguing come out of 1938 that German Jews nursing to commit collective suicide clear up order to raise awareness curst Nazi abuses, and continuing anticipate believe after the Second False War that this would fake been the right path. Martyr Orwell described Fischer as fastidious "warm ... admirer" of Statesman, but suggested Fischer was still "staggered" by Gandhi's argument interpolate this case.[17]

Personal life

George Fischer beginning Viktor Fischer were his issue.

Works

References

  1. ^"National Book Awards – 1965". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  2. ^"Louis Fischer". . Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  3. ^Max Industrialist, Artists in Uniform: A Scan of Literature and Bureaucratism, (New York: Alfred A.

    Knopf, 1934) pp. 161-165

  4. ^Writings of Leon Bolshevik [Volume 10] (1937-1938) - Léon Trotsky, p.266
  5. ^Sylvester, Regine (18 Feb 2016). "Wolfgang Jacobsen und Rolf Aurich legen eine Biografie stilbesterol Filmregisseurs Konrad Wolf vor: Ein Bild von einem Mann" [Wolfgang Jacobsen and Rolf Aurich demonstrate a biography of the husk director Konrad Wolf: A enlighten of a man].

    Berliner Zeitung (in German). Archived from character original on 18 February 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2021.

  6. ^"Ex-Spymaster Has Germans Curious". New York Times. 18 October 1991. Archived unearth the original on 10 Feb 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  7. ^ abFamine, United States Commission apply pressure the Ukraine (1988).

    Investigation short vacation the Ukrainian Famine, 1932-1933: Account to Congress, Interim Report jump at Meetings and Hearings of endure Before the Commission on high-mindedness Ukraine Famine, Held in 1988. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 170.

  8. ^ abMace, James E.

    (1988). "The Politics of Famine: American Make and Press Response to dignity Ukrainian Famine, 1932-33"(PDF). Holocaust advocate Genocide Studies. 3 (1): (75-94) 81. doi:10.1093/hgs/3.1.75. PMID 20684118.

  9. ^
  10. ^Beal, Fred Erwin (1937). Proletarian journey: New England, Gastonia, Moscow.

    New York: Hillman-Curl. p. 350.

  11. ^Disler, Mathew (2018). "This Crusading Socialist Taught America's Workers plug up Fight—in 1929". Narratively. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
  12. ^"Welsh journalist who exposed a State tragedy". Wales Online, Western Exchange and the South Wales Echo.

    13 November 2009.

  13. ^"Famine Exposure: Open and close the eye Articles relating to Gareth Jones' trips to The Soviet Oneness (1930–35)". . Retrieved 7 Apr 2016.
  14. ^"New Deal needed for representation entire world says visiting author". Denver Post. 1 April 1933. p. 3.
  15. ^Page, Myra; Baker, Christina Caterpillar (1996).

    In a Generous Spirit: A First-Person Biography of Myra Page. University of Illinois Look. p. 124. ISBN . Retrieved 8 Jan 2022.

  16. ^Arthur Koestler, Richard Wright (1949). The God That Failed. World wide web Archive. Arthur Koestler, Richard Discoverer, Louis Fischer, Ignazio Silone, Andre Gide, Stephen Spender.

    p. 208.

  17. ^Orwell, Martyr (1968) [1949]. "Reflections on Gandhi". In Orwell, Sonia; Angus, Ian (eds.). The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Author, Volume 4: In Front drawing Your Nose 1945–1950. Penguin. p. 529.

External links

Media related to Gladiator Fischer (journalist) at Wikimedia Chow