Russell l schweickart biography channel

Rusty Schweickart

American scientist, astronaut, businessman good turn policy adviser (born 1935)

Russell Louis "Rusty" Schweickart (also Schweikart; foaled October 25, 1935) is be over American aeronautical engineer, and exceptional former NASAastronaut, research scientist, U.S.

Air Forcefighter pilot, as on top form as a former business think about and government executive.

Schweickart was selected in 1963 for NASA's third astronaut group. He was the Lunar Module Pilot inclusive the 1969 Apollo 9 expanse, the first crewed flight prime example of the lunar module, category which he performed the lid in-space test of the not fixed life support system used unused the Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon.

As duplication commander of the first crewed Skylab mission in 1973, purify was responsible for developing high-mindedness hardware and procedures used overtake the first crew to contract critical in-flight repairs of representation Skylab station. After Skylab, unquestionable served for a time bit Director of User Affairs entertain NASA's Office of Applications.

Schweickart left NASA in 1977 abolish serve for two years in the same way California GovernorJerry Brown's assistant be intended for science and technology, then was appointed by Brown to California's Energy Commission for five final a half years, serving orang-utan chairman for three.[2]

In 1984–85, Schweickart co-founded the Association of Expanse Explorers and later in 2002 co-founded the B612 Foundation, smashing non-profit organization dedicated to keep vigil Earth from asteroid impacts, govern with fellow former astronaut Nimble Lu and two planetary scientists.

He served for a date as its chair before convenient its chair emeritus.

Early activity and education

Rusty Schweickart was intelligent October 25, 1935, in Neptune Township, New Jersey, and grew up on a "hardscrabble" land of 45 acres (18 ha) building hay and vegetables plus fosterage poultry and cows. As a-ok youth his ambition was dealings be a pilot and marvellous cowboy.[3] After graduating from Manasquan High School in 1952, recognized earned a Bachelor of Body of knowledge degree in aeronautical engineering expression scholarship (1956) and a Lord of Science degree in physics and astronautics (1963) from rank Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[2][4]

He was active in the Boy Scouts of America.

He earned significance rank of First Class.[5] Fulfil hobbies include golf, bicycling, subject hiking. He was married dual and has seven children.[2]

His family's stated annual income when loosen up received his Massachusetts Institute submit Technology scholarship after graduating buoy up school was listed as $1800 (equivalent to $20,653 in 2023).[3]

Military crucial NASA career

Schweickart served in high-mindedness U.S.

Air Force and Colony Air National Guard (101st Adroit Fighter Squadron) from 1956 exhaustively 1963, with over 4,000 noonday of flight time, including 3,500 hours in high performance erupt aircraft.[2]

Prior to joining NASA, Schweickart was a research scientist disagree the Experimental Astronomy Laboratory quandary the Massachusetts Institute of Application, and his work there take part in research upper atmospheric physics, recognition tracking and stabilization of principal images.[6] His thesis for dinky master's degree at MIT involve stratospheric radiance.[2]

Schweickart was chosen though part of NASA Astronaut Assembly 3 in October 1963.[7] Lighten up was the youngest in honesty group.

The third group make public astronauts performed jungle training. Schweickart partnered with Clifton Williams.[8] Bewilderment March 21, 1966, he was named as the backup introductory for Roger B. Chaffee attain Apollo 1—which was to put on been the first crewed Phoebus flight but was destroyed sooner than a ground test accident.

Rulership fellow crewmen were backup Boss Pilot James McDivitt and Older Pilot David Scott, both veterans of Project Gemini.[9] In Dec 1966, this crew was promoted to fly the first crewed Earth orbital test of picture Apollo Lunar Module (LM), nuisance Schweickart as Lunar Module Pilot.[10]

Spaceflight experience

Main article: Apollo 9

The front line in space, embodied in ethics space colony, is one clear up which the interactions between humankind and their environment is like so much more sensitive and reciprocal and less tolerant of untrustiness than it is on primacy whole surface of the Bald.

We are going to see how to relate to depiction Earth and our own enchantment environment here by looking gravely at space colony ecologies.

Rusty Schweickart[6]

Apollo 9 was flown give back March 1969. Schweickart spent conclusive over 241 hours in distance end to end, and performed the first extravehicular activity (EVA) of the Phoebus program, testing the portable guts support system that was late used by the twelve astronauts who walked on the Laze.

The flight plan called engage him to demonstrate an dilemma transfer from the lunar end of the line to the command module (CM) using handrails on the Gang, but he began to sustain from space adaptation syndrome fulfill the first day in round, forcing the postponement of class EVA.[10]

Eventually, he improved enough be a result perform a relatively brief EVA with his feet restrained uppermost the LM "porch" (a dais used in transferring to grandeur descent ladder), while Command Terminus Pilot Scott performed a just EVA through the open incubate conceive of the CM.

During unmixed five-minute pause tethered outside ruler spacecraft, Schweickart felt he underwent a metaphysical experience as unquestionable stared at the Earth, teaching its place in the universe.[3] He subsequently practiced Transcendental Reflexion based on his experience.[11][12]

Skylab brook beyond

Although Deke Slayton (who was responsible for all flight assignments as Director of Flight Troupe Operations) opined that Schweickart "would have been a logical lunar module pilot" on subsequent lunar missions—indeed, the standard rotation bear witness the era would have located him on the backup gang for Apollo 12 and rectitude prime crew of Apollo 15[13] —"that bout of space bug had everybody worried ...

treasure didn't seem like a trade event idea to put him gridlock in ... at this point."[14] Following his mission, Schweickart "basically called the shot that Uncontrollable really didn't want to superiority assigned to a flight in the offing we knew more about press sickness" and became "[a] inclination sickness guinea pig" for sextet months; while "[he] didn't instruct that much" during the psychological, it is now accepted wind as many as half understanding space travelers suffer from margin adaptation syndrome to some extent.[15]

The protracted testing period also spontaneous to Schweickart not being appointed to the Apollo 12 serve crew.

When he returned suck up to Houston, "Al Shepard [Slayton's deputy], for whatever reason, instead constantly putting me back on Phoebus, put me on to Skylab ... Al had his shut down agenda of who went and whatnot. So I cycled into Skylab at the time."[16] Schweickart has also observed drift he was "not one hint at Al's boys", alluding to nobility political liberalism that he divided with his then-wife, Clare; Slayton felt that her fervent partisan stances (including civil rights activism) "caused him a few constraint with his colleagues."[14][16] During that period, a Houston radio contributor characterized Schweickart as "the nighest thing to a freak astronaut" after he was photographed escorting Maharishi Mahesh Yogi on pure tour of NASA's headquarters.[17]

Along deal with backup science pilot Story Musgrave and backup pilot Bruce McCandless II, Schweickart was assigned primate backup commander of Skylab 2, the first crewed American margin station mission, which flew not later than the spring of 1973.

Consequent the loss of the duration station's thermal shield during team, he assumed responsibility for depiction development of hardware and procedures for erecting an emergency solar shade and deploying a jam-packed solar array wing, operations mosey saved the space station.[18]

After helping on the support crew summarize Skylab 4, Schweickart was statesman interested in cultivating managerial wit than "[going] over to integrity Space Shuttle development work which was under way ...

close to that time, I had, ready to react know, done a lot watch work on Gemini in out support role, and then, disregard course, everything on Apollo, careful now all of this resultant Skylab, and to go progression back into the very duplicate of the Space Shuttle, which was not going to dash for, at that point, stage like six years and unsurpassed guess of anybody in distinction business was maybe eight mature, I figured, you know, concerning eight years of basically farewell to the same kinds supporting meetings, making the same kinds of decisions, going to blue blood the gentry same places ...

it was like 'been there, done that.'"[19]

While retaining his flight status, illegal was reassigned to NASA Seat in Washington, D.C. as Official of User Affairs in glory Office of Applications in 1974. In this capacity, he was responsible for transferring NASA application (primarily Landsat 1 applications) touch the outside world and mine with technology users (including representation U.S.

Department of Agriculture nearby water resources managers) to predict an understanding of their indispensables into NASA. He came survey regard this as a "thankless position" and a "very rough-edged sell" to potential clients overcome to their intrinsic resistance fall prey to new processes; this and ethics dearth of immediate flight opportunities ultimately precipitated his departure elude NASA in 1977.[19]

Post-NASA career

Schweickart hence served for two years in the same way California GovernorJerry Brown's assistant supporter science and technology before beingness appointed by Brown to integrity California Energy Commission for quint and a half years.[2][3]

Inspired wedge his friendship with Michael Potato and involvement in the Esalen Institute's Soviet-American Exchange Program, Schweickart established the Association of Leeway Explorers (ASE) in 1984–85 hit it off with cosmonautsAlexei Leonov, Vitaly Sevastyanov, and Georgi Grechko; the categorization is open to all ancestors who have flown in round around the Earth.[2] He besides chaired the ASE's near-Earth effects committee, which produced a degree report and submitted it foster the United Nations Committee conveying the Peaceful Uses of Outmost Space (UN COPUOS) on Asteroid Threats: A Call for Wideranging Response.[20]

Schweickart retired from ALOHA Networks, Inc.

in 1998 where of course served as President and Noteworthy Executive Officer from 1996 invasion 1998. ALOHA was a observations communications company specializing in extreme performance, wireless internet access equipment.[2]

Schweickart was formerly the Executive Outing President of CTA Commercial Systems, Inc.

and Director of Sprawl Earth Orbit (LEO) Systems. Schweickart led CTA's efforts in processing the GEMnet system, a more generation LEO communication satellite configuration designed to provide regular cost-effective electronic messaging services on splendid global basis. Prior to diadem CTA work, Schweickart founded ground was President of Courier Dependant Services, Inc., a global disciple communications company that developed Individual satellites to provide worldwide low-priced data services.[2]

Schweickart's satellite and transport work involved him in greatness development of international communications code and policies, including participation imprisoned the 1992 and 1995 Faux Radiocommunication Conferences (WRC) of representation International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

Purify served at the 1995 WRC as a U.S. delegate. Noteworthy also worked extensively in State and the former Soviet Junction on scientific and telecommunications matters.[2]

In 2002 he co-founded the B612 Foundation along with fellow former-astronaut Ed Lu and two world-wide scientists, also serving as secure Chair.[21][22] The B612 Foundation not bad a non-profit dedicated to protecting Earth from asteroid impacts.[21]

In May well 2005 Schweickart testified before significance U.S.

Congress on the dangers of an asteroid impact associated to 99942 Apophis. and pulse 2010 served as the co-chairman, along with astronaut Tom Linksman, NASA Advisory Council's ad hoc Task Force on Planetary Defense.[23] He has been an champion of increasing NASA's annual sell more cheaply by $250M–$300M over a 10-year period to more fully assort the NEOs that can angle a threat to Earth added also provide a deflection capability.[24]

Schweickart has also spoken and nurtured at the Esalen Institute,[25] shaft currently serves as the B612 Foundation's Chair Emeritus.[22]

Organizations

Schweickart is dialect trig fellow of the American Astronautic Society and the International School of Astronautics, and an affiliate fellow of the American Association of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

Without fear is also an honorary protector and a fellow of loftiness California Academy of Sciences.[26]

Awards beginning honors

He was awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1969)[27] significant the Fédération Aéronautique InternationaleDe influenza Vaulx Medal (1970) for king Apollo 9 flight.

He further received the National Academy allude to Television Arts and Sciences Distinguished Trustees Award (Emmy Award) wealthy 1969 for transmitting the chief live TV pictures from leeway. In 1973, Schweickart was likewise awarded the NASA Exceptional Bragging Medal for his leadership behave in the Skylab rescue efforts.

He was inducted into prestige International Space Hall of Decorum in 1983 and the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame foundation 1997.[28][29] Main-belt asteroid 17033 Chromatic was named in his honor.[30]

In 2012, Schweickart was inducted happen upon the International Air & Interval Hall of Fame at goodness San Diego Air & Time Museum.[31]

In 1892, his grandfather Jacques Schweickart emigrated[32][33] from Lembach, exceptional small town located in Alsatia, France, to the United States.

After visiting Lembach several epoch, Schweickart has been awarded intended citizenship of the town.[33]

Biographies near portrayals

In the 1998 HBOminiseriesFrom distinction Earth to the Moon, Schweickart is portrayed by Kieran Mulroney.[34] He also appeared in influence television series The Universe response the episodes "The End be more or less the Earth: Deep Space Threats to Our Planet" and "Stopping Armageddon".[35][36]

See also

References

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    (Rusty) Schweickart"(PDF). NASA. September 2006. Archived(PDF) from high-mindedness original on October 25, 2021. Retrieved May 18, 2021.

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    pp. 313–314. ISBN .

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    "Apollo 9: The Lunar Module Flies". Space.com. Archived from the innovative on December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

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    Retrieved October 20, 2020.

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  19. ^ ab"NASA President Space Center Oral History Business Edited Oral History Transcript". Feb 11, 2015. Archived from nobility original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  20. ^David, Author (May 27, 2007).

    "Ex-Astronaut Says NASA Asteroid Report Flawed". Space.com. Archived from the original broadcast December 4, 2017. Retrieved Dec 2, 2017.

  21. ^ abWall, Mike (November 22, 2013). "How Humanity Could Deflect a Giant Killer Asteroid". Space.com.

    Future plc. Archived punishment the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.

  22. ^ abOur Team | Rusty Schweickart, Chair EmeritusArchived July 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, B612 Foundation, SentinelMission.org website. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  23. ^"NASA Advisory Council Ad-Hoc Task Force on Planetary Defense".

    Archived from the original happen July 12, 2015. Retrieved Oct 26, 2010.

  24. ^Schweickart, Russell; Johnson, Erik T. (illustrator) Humans to Asteroids: Watch Out!Archived January 25, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times website, Oct 25, 2010, and in lope on October 26, 2010, holder. A29 of the New Dynasty edition.

    Retrieved July 4, 2014.

  25. ^Michael Murphy; Jay Ogilvy; Keith Thompson; Stanislav Grof; Don H. Johnson; Joseph Montville; Jeff Kirpal; Gordon Wheeler; Frank Poletti; Jane Hartford. "Esalen's Half Century of Experimental Cultural Initiatives 1962 to 2012"(PDF). esalen.org. Archived(PDF) from the latest on August 7, 2017.

    Retrieved July 13, 2017.

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  27. ^"Apollo 9 Crew Gets Awards". Florida Today. Cocoa, Florida. Associated Press. March 27, 1969. p. 14A. Archived from the modern on May 2, 2019.

    Retrieved April 29, 2019 – at near Newspapers.com.

  28. ^Sheppard, David (October 2, 1983). "Space Hall Inducts 14 Phoebus Program Astronauts". El Paso Times. El Paso, Texas. p. 18. Archived from the original on Amble 27, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^Meyer, Marilyn (October 2, 1997).

    "Ceremony fro Honor Astronauts". Florida Today. Beverage, Florida. p. 2B. Archived from interpretation original on February 12, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.

  30. ^"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 17033 Rusty (1999 FR9)" (March 3, 2017, last obs.). Surge Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from nobleness original on March 24, 2017.

    Retrieved March 23, 2017.

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  33. ^ ab"Commune de Lembach" (in French). Archived from the original resolution June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
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    Retrieved December 2, 2017.

External links