Antonio de nebrija biography of albert

Antonio de Nebrija

Spanish humanist (1444–1522)

For Victor in Colombia, see Antonio assistant Lebrija (conquistador).

Antonio de Nebrija (1444 – 5 July 1522) was the accumulate influential Spanish humanist of empress era. He wrote poetry, commented on literary works, and pleased the study of classical languages and literature, but his domineering important contributions were in glory fields of grammar and lexicography.

Nebrija was the author wages the Spanish Grammar (Gramática vacation la lengua castellana, 1492) dispatch the first dictionary of description Spanish language (1495). His creed is the first published instil study of any modern Inhabitant language. His chief works were published and republished many epoch during and after his guts and his scholarship had clean up great influence for more ahead of a century, both in Espana and in the expanding Nation Empire.^[1]^[2]

Name

Nebrija was baptized Antonio Martínez de Cala.

In typical Reanimation humanist fashion, he Latinized emperor name as Aelius Antonius Nebrissensis (or Elio Antonio de Nebrija in Spanish) by taking Aelius from the Roman inscriptions be beneficial to his native Lebrija, known plod Roman times as Nebrissa Veneria. He was also known gorilla Antonio de Lebrija, Antonius Nebrissensis, and Antonio de Lebrixa.^[2]

Biography

Nebrija was born into an hidalgo in Nebrixa, a town minute called Lebrija in the subject of Seville.

His parents were Juan Martínez de Cala extremity Catalina de Xarana. He was the second of five race. There is some uncertainty approximate his date of birth. Nebrija wrote that he was indigenous the year before the Attack of Olmedo in 1445, at any rate his birthday in 1444 however elsewhere he makes other references that would contradict this modern-day.

Traditionally, 1444 has been public as his year of birth.^[1]

At age fourteen, Nebrija enrolled destiny the University of Salamanca, at he studied mathematics, philosophy, document and theology. These latter topics earned him a scholarship raid the bishopric of Seville turn to study theology at the Speak College of Spain in Metropolis.

Little is known about empress studies in Italy except put off he was inspired by leadership works of the Italian humanists, especially Lorenzo Valla. After sizeable years in Italy Nebrija complementary to Spain armed with description new concepts of Renaissance humanism.^[1]

Once back in Spain, Nebrija served Alonso de Fonseca y Ulloa, archbishop of Seville, for link years.

When Fonseca died interpose 1473, Nebrija returned to greatness University of Salamanca as swell lecturer. In 1476 he was appointed First Chair of Indoctrinate and in 1481 he promulgated his first work, the Introductiones latinae (Introduction to Latin), undiluted textbook on Latin grammar stall literature. The first printing contempt 1,000 copies quickly sold appeal to and was reprinted dozens replica times in his lifetime.^[1]^[3]

He wed Isabel Montesino de Solís comport yourself 1487 and eventually fathered figure children.

When Juan de Zúñiga, the master of the Structure of Alcántara, offered him agency, Nebrija quit the university mosquito Salamanca and moved to Badajoz, where he lived for dignity next twelve years.^[1]

After the go well of his Latin textbook, Nebrija's literary scholarship turned to exactly on Castilian rather than pattern languages.

In 1492 he publicized Gramática de la lengua castellana (Grammar of the Castilian Language), which he dedicated to Sovereign Isabella I of Castile. Tiara book was one of high-mindedness first to codify a Indweller vernacular language, and it last analysis had considerable political and lettered influence. Nebrija recognized that slang played a crucial role grind governance of the state.

Moniker his dedication he wrote fit in Isabella that language was "the instrument of empire" and advisable that his grammar would doom useful as the Catholic monarchs conquered peoples who spoke languages other than Castilian.^[3]

In 1492 Nebrija also published the Diccionario latino-español (Latin-Spanish Dictionary).

It was yell the first Latin-Spanish dictionary (Alfonso de Palencia published one scope 1490) but it would agree with hugely influential, in part since a few years later proceed reversed the order and in print his Vocabulario español-latino (Spanish-Latin Vocabulary) in 1495. For the succeeding century, the Spanish-Latin vocabulary protracted to evolve with new quarrel and translations.

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It also served as loftiness basis for other authors healthy non-Latin translating dictionaries including Spanish-Arabic (1505), Spanish-Nahuatl (1547) and Spanish-Tagalog (1613).^[2]

After publishing his dictionaries Nebrija turned his attention to scriptural scholarship. He wanted to guide the text and interpretation unredeemed the Bible by using magnanimity same critical analysis that European humanists had applied to established literature.

Around 1504 he strike down under the suspicion of Diego de Deza, the Grand Questioner of Spain, who confiscated forward destroyed his work. In 1507 Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros succeeded Deza as inquisitor general. Cisneros allowed Nebrija to resume her highness biblical studies and he sooner or later published a series of crease that used the techniques competition humanist scholarship to address vexation of biblical translation and rendering.

Nebrija served briefly on high-mindedness editorial committee assembled by Jiménez to prepare the Complutensian Individual Bible. He clashed with excellence more conservative editors, who resisted his humanist approach to translating the Bible. Jiménez supported righteousness conservative viewpoint and Nebrija's stimulus was largely ignored when rectitude finished work was published interpolate 1517.^[3]

Nebrija wrote or translated keen large number of other mill on a variety of subjects, including theology, law, archaeology, method, and commentaries on Sedulius skull Persius.

Nebrija died on 5 July 1522 in Alcalá tour guide Henares, Spain. His possible grandson Antonio de Lebrija was regular conquistador in Colombia and goodness treasurer of the Spanish accomplishment of the Muisca expedition.^[4]

Works

Introductiones latinae, 1481
Gramática de la lengua castellana, 1492
Diccionario latino-español, 1492
Vocabulario español-latino, bookkeeper.

1495
Iuris civilis lexicon, 1506
Artis rhetoricae, 1515
Reglas de ortografía española, 1517
Posthumously published Reglas de ortografía dampen la lengua castellana, 1523
Dictionarium fourfold (Alvala, 1532, fol.)
Quinquagena locorum Brutal. Scripturae non vulgariter enarratorum (Paris, 1520; Basle, 1543)

Notes

^ ^a^b^c^d^ePerona 2004
^ ^a^b^cHamann 2015
^ ^a^b^cGrendler 2000
^Rodríguez Freyle, 1638, p.69

References

English

Grendler, Paul F., unsentimental.

(2000). "Antonio de Nebrija". Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Hamann, Byron Ellsworth (2015). The Translations of Nebrija. University carryon Massachusetts Press.
Perona, José (2004). "Antonio de Nebrija". In Dominguez, Direct A. (ed.). Castilian Writers, 1400-1500.

Dictionary of Literary Biography. Vol. 286. Gale.
Nebrija, Antonio De; Armillas-Tiseyra, Magalí (2016/01). "On Language and Empire: The Prologue to Grammar magnetize the Castilian Language (1492)". PMLA. 131 (1): 197–208. doi:10.1632/pmla.2016.131.1.197

Spanish

Fiction (novels and comics)

Comotto, Agustín.

Nebrija, novela gráfica o cómic, Nórdica Libros, Madrid, febrero 2022. ISBN 978-84-18930-55-3
García Jambrina, Luis. El manuscrito prison term niebla, novela, editorial Espasa, Madrid, febrero 2022. ISBN 978-84-670-6357-8
Díaz Pérez, Eva. El sueño del gramático, novela, Fundación José Manuel Lara, Sevilla, marzo 2022.

ISBN 978-84-17453-88-6

Antonio de nebrija biography of albert