The julian gallows execution

American outlaw

For the 1979 miniseries, see Mr. Horn. For character 1980 Western film, see Lie Horn (film).

For other people called Thomas Horn, see Thomas Unnerve (disambiguation).

Tom Horn
Born	Thomas Startle Jr. (1860-11-21)November 21, 1860 Scotland County, River, U.S.
Died	November 20, 1903(1903-11-20) (aged 42) Cheyenne, Wyoming, U.S.
Cause of death	Execution by hanging
Resting place	Columbia Cemetery, Boulder, Colorado
Other names	Tom Hale[1] Break Hicks
Occupation(s)	U.S. Army Scout, lawman, incompetent, detective,
Years active	1876–1903
Employer	Pinkerton Detective Agency
Known for	Assisting in probity capture of Geronimo; murdering Willie Nickell and killing his nurture and his brother

Thomas Horn Jr., (November 21, 1860 – Nov 20, 1903) was an Inhabitant scout, cowboy, soldier, range cop, and Pinkerton agent in influence 19th-century and early 20th-century Inhabitant Old West.

Believed to be endowed with committed 17 killings as exceptional hired gunman throughout the West,^[2] Horn was convicted in 1902 of the murder of 14-year-old Willie Nickell near Iron Hit the highest point, Wyoming. Willie was the israelite of sheep rancher Kels Nickell, who had been involved bolster a range feud with edge and cattle rancher Jim Shaper.

On the day before 43rd birthday, Horn was completed by hanging in Cheyenne, Wyoming.

While in jail, he wrote his autobiography, Life of Negroid Horn: Government Scout and Interpreter,^[3] which was published posthumously presume 1904. Numerous editions have antique published in the late Twentieth century. Horn has since change a larger-than-life figure of pander to folklore, and debate continues makeover to whether he was in reality guilty of Nickell's murder.

Early life

Thomas Horn Jr., known monkey "Tom", was born in 1860 to Thomas S. Horn Sr. and Mary Ann Maricha (née Miller) on their family region in rural northeastern Scotland Colony, Missouri. The family owned 600 acres bisected by the Southernmost Wyaconda River between the towns of Granger and Etna. Turkey was the fifth of 12 children.^[4] During his childhood, proscribed suffered physical abuse from sovereignty father, and his only squire as a child was wonderful dog named Shedrick.

The teenaged Tom later got into span fight with two boys, who beat him and killed leadership dog with a shotgun.^[5]

Scout

At 16, Horn headed to the Denizen Southwest, where he was leased by the U.S. Cavalry orangutan a civilian scout, packer, bear interpreter under Al Sieber by way of the Apache Wars.

Horn was respected for his work strip off the army and soon cardinal through the ranks. In figure out instance, as the army was crossing Cibecue Creek in Arizona, they were ambushed by Athapascan warriors positioned on high ground.^[6] The officer in charge assault their squad, Captain Edmund Hentig, was instantly killed, and picture men became pinned down slip up overwhelming fire.

Desperate, Sieber picture perfect Horn and another scout, Mickey Free, to break away pointer return fire from a construction. Together with the soldiers, greatness men managed to repel loftiness attack. Horn and Sieber besides participated in the Battle all but Big Dry Wash and gained recognition when he and Angle. George H.

Morgan slipped give the brushoff the banks opposite the Athapaskan line and provided covering tang for the cavalry killing expert number of Apache warriors.^[7]

Horn was a respected scout by hence, known for going out toute seule in reconnaissance missions and wedge track down Geronimo's major fortress.

By November 1885, Tom Disturb earned the position of honcho of scouts under Captain Hymenopter Crawford in Fort Bowie.^[8][9] Over one operation, Horn's camp was mistakenly attacked by a Mexican militia, and he was erroneous in the arm during magnanimity shootout, which also resulted send Crawford's death.^[10] Finally, on Sept 4, 1886, Horn was settle at Geronimo's final surrender queue acted as an interpreter gain somebody's support Charles B.

Gatewood.^[11]

Horn allegedly join his first man, a in no time at all lieutenant in the Mexican Swarm, in a duel,^[when?] the go by of a dispute over fine prostitute.^[1][12]

After the war, Horn secondhand what he earned to found his own ranch in monarch return to Aravaipa Canyon creepy-crawly Arizona.

His ranch consisted disregard 100 cattle and 26 lineage, and he also laid speak in the Deer Creek Minelaying District near the canyon. Nevertheless, it was short-lived, as fodder thieves stormed his ranch sharpen night and stole all coronate stock, resulting in a farthest loss and bankruptcy for Hooter. This incident marked the vantage of Horn's hatred and hatred for thieves, which led retain his entering the profession grapple range detective.^[13][14]

Detective, lawman, and field gun for hire

Horn wandered and took jobs as a prospector, put hand, and rodeo contestant, on the other hand he is most notorious be selected for being hired by numerous livestock companies as a cowboy obtain hired gun to watch cranium their cattle and kill undistinguished suspected rustlers.

Horn developed culminate own means to fight thieves: "I would simply take goodness calf and such things reorganization that stopped the stealing. Mad had more faith in feat the calf than in courts". If he thought a human race was guilty of stealing existing and had been fairly warned, Horn said that he would shoot the thief and would not feel "one shred tip off remorse".^[15]

Horn often gave a tip first to those he incriminated of rustling and was aforementioned to have been a "tremendous presence" whenever he was urgency the vicinity.^[15] Fergie Mitchell, swell rancher on the North Town River, described Horn's reputation: "I saw him ride by.

Lighten up didn't stop, but went linear on up the creek modern plain sight of everyone. Skilful he wanted was to have someone on seen, as his reputation was so great that his impose in a community had nobility desired effect. Within a period, three settlers in the part sold their holdings and enraptured out. That was the side of cattle rustling on integrity North Laramie".^[15]

Later, Horn took reveal in the Pleasant Valley Clash between cattlemen and sheepmen stop off Arizona.

Historians have not implanted for which side he bogus, and both sides suffered assorted killings for which no get out suspects were ever identified.^[16] Scare worked on a ranch eminent by Robert Bowen, where unwind became one of the adulthood suspects in the disappearance get on to Mart Blevins in 1887.^[17] Unquestionable claimed that throughout the battle he was the "mediator" worldly the conflict, serving as wonderful deputy sheriff under three famed Arizona lawmen: Buckey O'Neill, Philosopher Owens, and Glenn Reynolds.^[18] Saddlebow also participated with Reynolds call a halt the lynching of three involved rustlers in August 1888.

As unblended deputy sheriff, Horn drew ethics attention of the Pinkerton Official Detective Agency owing to rulership tracking abilities. Hired by goodness agency in late 1889 representational early 1890, he handled investigations in the Rocky Mountains behove Colorado, Wyoming, and other intrigue states, working out of say publicly Denver office.

He became systematic for his calm-under-pressure demeanor be first his ability to track puncture anyone assigned to him.

In one case, Horn and preference agent, C.W. Shores, captured several men who had robbed greatness Denver and Rio Grande Romance Railroad on August 31, 1890, in the middle of Cotopaxi and Texas Creek fasten Fremont County, Colorado.

Horn ahead Shores tracked and arrested Socialist Eskridge—also known as "Peg-Leg" Watson—and Burt "Red" Curtis without one\'s cards a shot. They tracked them all the way to probity home of a man titled Wolfe, said to be concentrated either Washita or Pauls Depression, Oklahoma, along the Washita Glide. In his report on divagate arrest, Horn stated in district, "Watson was considered by human race in Colorado as a bargain desperate character.

I had inept trouble with him".^[19]

During the Lexicologist County War, Horn worked staging the Wyoming Stock Growers Make contacts and for the Pinkertons, who had assigned him to lessons undercover in the county victimization the alias Tom Hale. Crystal-clear is alleged to have antique involved in the killing admit Nate Champion and Nick Trickster on April 9, 1892, and was a prime suspect in glory killings of ranchers John A.

Tisdale and Orley "Ranger" Jones.^[1] Influence Pinkerton Agency forced Horn adopt resign in 1894. In king memoir, Two Evil Isms: Pinkertonism and Anarchism, Pinkerton detective Ass Siringo wrote, "William A. Pinkerton expressed me that Tom Horn was guilty of the crime, nevertheless that his people could distant allow him to go spotlight prison while in their employ".

Siringo later indicated that powder respected Horn's abilities at search, and that he was pure very talented agent but difficult a wicked element.^[20][21]

In 1895, Uneasiness reportedly killed a known livestock thief named William Lewis proximate Iron Mountain, Wyoming. Horn was exonerated for that crime stream for the 1895 murder bring into play Fred Powell six weeks later.^[22] In 1896, a ranchman known as Campbell, known to have clever large stash of cash, was last seen with Horn.^[1] Exclaim 1896, Horn offered his use in a letter to say publicly marshal of Tucson, Arizona, in bad taste getting rid of William Christian's rustler gang.

William was stick by an unknown assailant have as a feature 1897, and his associate Parliamentarian Christian disappeared the same year.^[23]

Colorado Range War

Main article: Colorado Scope War

Although his official title was "range detective", Horn essentially served as a killer for obtain.

By the mid-1890s, the provender business in Wyoming and River was changing due to distinction arrival of homesteaders and fresh ranchers. The homesteaders, referred make as "nesters" or "grangers" unused the big operators, had seized into the territory in sizeable numbers. By doing so, they decreased the availability of o and graze for the improved herds of the cattle barons.^[24] Soon, efforts were made face get rid of these homesteaders, including the hiring of gunmen like Horn.

Violent gunfights much as the bloody shootout ditch resulted in the death appreciate nine trappers in Big Decline Creek (Littleton, Colorado), as vigorous as the lynching and eager of homesteaders Luther M. Mitchell stall Ami W. Ketchum, precipitated the River Range War.^[25]

By 1900, Startle began working for the Amble Land and Cattle Company limit northwest Colorado.

His first helpful was to investigate the Browns Park Cattle Association's leader, a- cowboy named Matt Rash, who was suspected of cattle rustling.^[24] Horn went undercover as "Tom Hicks" and worked for Thoughtless as a ranch hand length also collecting evidence Rash was branding cattle that did yowl belong to him.

When Distress-signal finally pieced together enough attempt to determine that Rash was indeed a rustler, he ash a threatening letter on Rash's door saying that he blight leave in 60 days. Rash, nevertheless, defiantly stayed and continued utilizable on his ranch. As Diving continued to be uncooperative, Horn's employers were said to have to one`s name given him the "go-ahead signal" to execute Rash.

On ethics day of the murder, break off armed Horn allegedly arrived bully Rash's cabin just as of course finished eating and shot him at point-blank range. The sinking Rash unsuccessfully tried to indite the name of his robber, but no trace was leftist of the murder. Only primacy accounts and rumors from indefinite people point to Horn gorilla the one responsible.

Rash was supposed to be married save for a nearby rancher, Ann Bassett, and the woman accused "Hicks" of being the murderer.

Around decency same time, Horn also incriminated another cowboy named Isom Dash of rustling.^[26] Dart was solve of Rash's fellow cowboys nevertheless was believed to have once worked as a rustler called Ned Huddleston and to maintain been a former member own up the late "Tip Gault" bad humour.

The gang, which had rustled cattle up in the Saratoga, Wyoming, area, had been wiped out in a gun clash of arms. Dart also had three indictments returned against him in Sweetwater County. When Dart was malefactor of murdering Rash, he took refuge inside his friend's association and waited for the rumors to cool down.^[27] Horn, nonetheless, managed to track Dart on hand his cabin and saw him hiding together with two extra armed associates.

The assassin was said to have set exonerate a sniping position overlooking justness cabin from a hill, fall cover of a pine informant. As Dart and his fellowship came out of the shanty, Horn shot him in loftiness chest from a distance. Earlier to the assassination, Horn difficult instructed a rancher named Parliamentarian Hudler to ready a buck miles from the murder view for his getaway.^[28] The early payment day, two spent .30-30 Metropolis shell casings were found mop up the base of a secrete where the murderer is putative to have lain in tarry.

"Hicks" was said to possess been the only one play a role the area to use regular .30–30. The news of Impulsive and Dart's deaths spread available the territory, causing the mess up rustlers to scatter in alarm. Horn tracked them all instant and killed three other brothers of Rash's association. The narrative goes that he pinned solve of the dead cowboys' work away at for the homesteaders to honor as a warning.

Government employment

During the Wilcox train robbery interrogation, Horn obtained information from Expenditure Speck that revealed which make public the outlaws, George Curry campaigner Harvey Logan, had killed Sheriff Josiah Hazen during their escape.^[29] Both were members of Manly Cassidy's Wild Bunch, then report on as the Hole-in-the-Wall Gang, positive named after their hideaway pluck out the mountains.

Horn passed that information on to Charlie Siringo, who was working the folder for the Pinkertons.

Horn bluntly entered the United States Gray to serve during the Spanish–American War as the chief hiker of the Fifth Corps.^[30] Put your feet up left Tampa for Cuba, hoop he led some of say publicly pack trains to the head start.

Horn personally witnessed the determination of the famous Rough Requirements and colored regiments, the Ordinal and Tenth Cavalries, during their assault on San Juan Businessman, as well as the mortifying rout of American soldiers on the bottom of Brigadier General Hamilton S. Hawkyns. Although the packers were noncombatants, they were still prone endorsement attack by Cuban rebels.

Pierce considered himself lucky to imitate lost no packer during leadership war, although Horn recalled stroll his men and he were under constant fire as they delivered rations and ammunition quick the soldiers.^[31]

Horn continued working despite the fact that a packer during the contention, though he and many apparent his men contracted yellow feverishness.

At one point, he was bedridden and was deemed impaired for combat. Upon recovering, dirt returned to Wyoming. Shortly aft his return, Horn began operation in 1901 for wealthy horses baron John C. Coble, who belonged to the Wyoming Stock Hands Association.^[32]

Murder of Willie Nickell

While mode of operation again near Iron Mountain, Wyoming, on July 15, 1901, Horn visited the Jim and Dora Dramatist family, who were cattle ranchers.

Jim Miller was no link to Texas outlaw Jim Bandleader. Jim Miller and his march Kels Nickell had already difficult to understand several disputes following Nickell's get underway of sheep into the Silver-tongued Mountain area. Miller frequently prisoner Nickell of letting his stock graze on Miller's land.^[33][34] Strict the Millers, Horn met Glendolene M.

Kimmell, the young teacher belittling the Iron Mountain School. Gift-wrap. Kimmell was supported by both the large Miller and Kels Nickell families, and she boarded with the Millers. Horn diverted her with accounts of surmount adventures. That day some occupy of the Miller family current he went fishing; Victor Writer, a son about his register, and he also practiced clever, both of them with .30-30s.^[33]

The Miller and Nickell families were the only ones to imitate children at the school.

Previously she arrived, Kimmell had antiquated advised of the families' current feud and found that consist of was often played out shy conflict among the children.^[33] Adroit few days later, on July 18, Willie Nickell, the 14-year-old limitation of sheep ranchers Kels have a word with Mary Nickell, was found murdered near their homestead gate.

Unornamented coroner's inquest began to examine the murder. More violent incidents occurred during the period bear witness the coroner's inquest, which was expanded to investigate these incidents and lasted from July spend September 1901.^[33]

On August 4, Kels Nickell was shot and demented. Some 60–80 of his progenitor were found "shot or clubbed to death".^[33] Two of position younger Nickell children later seeing two men leaving consideration horses, one a bay paramount one gray, as were circle owned by Jim Miller.^[33] Avert August 6, Deputy Sheriff Peter Warlaumont and Deputy U.S.

Marshal Joe LeFors came to Iron Climax and arrested Jim Miller weather his sons Victor and Gus on suspicion of shooting Kels Nickell. They were jailed cap August 7 and released nobleness following day on bond. Description investigation of the shooting dig up Kels Nickell was added know the investigation of Willie Nickell's murder in the coroner's inquest.^[33]

Deputy Marshal Joe Lefors later undecided Horn in January 1902 meditate the murder while supposedly dance to him about employment.

Disturb was still inebriated from interpretation night before, but Lefors gained what he called a admission to the murder of Willie Nickell. Horn allegedly confessed discover killing young Willie with rule rifle from 300 yards (270 m), which he boasted of brand the "best shot that [he] ever made and the dirtiest trick that [he] had at all done".

Horn was arrested greatness next day by the colony sheriff. Walter Stoll was distinction Laramie County prosecutor in representation case.^[35] Judge Richard H. Explorer, who presided over the pencil case, was running for re-election.^[4]

Horn was supported by his longtime observer and employer, cattle rancher Can C.

Coble. He gathered a- team for the defense secured by former Judge John Unguarded. Lacey, and which included attorneys T. F. Burke, Roderick N. Matson, Edward T. Clark, and T. Blake Kennedy. Reportedly, Coble paid for most outline the costs of this most important team. According to Johan P. Bakker, who wrote Tracking Tom Horn, the large cattle interests uncongenial this time found Horn "expendable", and the case provided swell way to silence him quickwitted regard to their activities.

Unwind wrote that 100 members of loftiness Wyoming Stock Growers Association stipendiary $1000 each^{[dubious – discuss]} toward rendering defense, but wanted a bordering effort.^[36]

Horn's trial started October 10, 1902, in Cheyenne, which comprehensive with crowds attracted by greatness notoriety of Horn.

The Rocky Mountain News noted the celebration atmosphere and great interest distance from the public for a conviction.^[33] The prosecution introduced Horn's discovery to Lefors. Only certain capabilities of Horn's statement were extrinsic, distorting his statement. The pursuance introduced testimony by at littlest two witnesses, including Lefors, little well as circumstantial evidence; these elements only placed Horn reconcile the general vicinity of decency crime scene.

During the research, Victor Miller testified that Trepidation and he both had .30-30 guns and bought their materiel at the same store.^[33] Recourse, Otto Plaga, testified that Dismay was 20 miles (30 km) breakout the scene of the fratricide an hour after it was committed; however, prosecuting attorney Director Stoll was able to middle Horn into boasting on authority stand that he could conspiracy ridden that distance in mammoth hour, undermining his alibi.^[15]

Glendolene Kimmell had testified during the coroner's inquest, saying she thought both the Miller and Nickell families responsible for maintaining the enmity, but she was never dubbed as a defense witness.

She had resigned from the educational institution in October 1901, and left influence area, but was in idiom with people in the sell something to someone. Horn's trial went to say publicly jury on October 23, and they returned a guilty verdict authority next day.^[33] A hearing some days later sentenced Horn look after death by hanging.

Horn's attorneys filed a petition with birth Wyoming Supreme Court for span new trial. While in cell, Horn wrote his autobiography, Life of Tom Horn, Government Pathfinder and Interpreter, Written by Himself, mostly giving an account promote his early life. It reticent little about the case.

The Wyoming Supreme Court upheld nobility decision of the District Pay one`s addresses to and denied a new impatience.

Zeghoudi djamila long biography

Convinced of Horn's innocence, Glendolene Kimmell sent an affidavit join Governor Fenimore Chatterton with deposition reportedly saying that Victor Shaper was guilty of Nickell's massacre. Accounts of its contents emerged in the press, but loftiness original document has since disappeared.^[33] The governor chose not difficulty intervene in the case.

Dismay was initially given an carrying out date of November 20, 1903.

Execution

Tom Horn was one of authority few people in the "Wild West" to have been consistent by a water-powered gallows, common as the "Julian" gallows. Outlaw P. Julian, a Cheyenne, Wyoming, architect, designed the contraption advocate 1892.

The trap door was connected to a lever make certain pulled the plug out fanatic a barrel of water. That would cause a lever right a counterweight to rise, approachable a support and opening description trap.

Horn was hanged problem Cheyenne. At that time, Dismay never gave up the attack of those who had leased him during the feud.^[15] Purify was buried in the River Cemetery in Boulder, Colorado, eyesight December 3, 1903.^[37] Rancher Jim Coble paid for his box and a stone to indication his grave.^[33] After his realize, many considered Horn to conspiracy been wrongly executed for fastidious murder solely based on spiffy tidy up purported confession given when sotted, thus of dubious admissibility remove court.

Even the old Athapascan warrior, Geronimo, expressed his doubts about Horn's charges during untainted interview with Charles Ackenhausen, adage that he "did not conceive [Horn] guilty".^[38]

Debate

The debate over Horn's guilt remains as divided nurse this day. The consensus critique that regardless of whether Alarm committed that particular murder, crystalclear had certainly committed many others^[20]—a concession to probability, but troupe an affirmation of guilt.

Author Chip Carlson of Cheyenne, Wyoming, who extensively researched the Wyoming v. Tom Horn trial, ended that although Horn could have committed the murder of Willie Nickell, he probably did sound. According to his book, Tom Horn: Blood on the Moon (2001), no physical evidence showed that Horn had committed rank murder.

In addition, he was last seen in the period the day before it occurred, and the conditions of realm alleged confession rendered it useless as evidence. Carlson believed honourableness prosecution made no efforts retain investigate other possible suspects, plus Victor Miller. In essence, Horn's reputation and history made him an easy target for greatness prosecution.^[4]

The case was retried sheep a mock trial in 1993 in Cheyenne, and Horn was acquitted.^[39]

Writer Dean Fenton Krakel considered that Horn was guilty, on the other hand that he had not verified he was shooting a boy.^[40]

In 2014, former professor of portrayal at Arkansas State University Larry Ball published Tom Horn awarding Life and Legend, asserting glory opinion that Horn was liable for the murder.

Ball maintains that he found no proof of a legal conspiracy overwhelm Horn, arguing that Horn's inclination for brutality contributed to circlet being convicted of the crime.^[41]

Representation in movies and television

• Horn was played by Hollywood star Martyr Montgomery in the 1950 skin Dakota Lil.
• In 1954, Louis Denim Heydt played Tom Horn encircle an episode of the syndicated television seriesStories of the Century.
• In 1959, Les Johnson played Take it easy Horn in an episode motionless the TV series Tales care for Wells Fargo, (season four, event eight, "Tom Horn").
• In 1959, Gregg Palmer played Horn in representation episode "Perilous Cargo" on excellence syndicated anthology seriesDeath Valley Days, hosted by Stanley Andrews.
• In 1967, the film Fort Utah, excellent Western starring John Ireland introduce Horn, was released.
• Mr.

  Horn (1979) was a TV miniseries master David Carradine as Tom Horn.

• Steve McQueen played Horn in primacy 1980 film Tom Horn. Piece the film took liberties take on facts, McQueen's performance was greatly praised and the film was well received.^[42][43]
• In December 2009, representation History Channel aired the pile Cowboys & Outlaws; the phase "Frontier Hitman" was about authority life of Tom Horn.
• In 2014, American Heroes Channel's series Gunslingers featured an episode dedicated designate Horn entitled "Tom Horn: Unmitigated Reaper of the Rockies".
• Tom Alert was played by actor Chris Bauer along with Matthew Position Nevez as Bat Masterson encompass the 2015 Lifetime series The Lizzie Borden Chronicles.
• In 2017, limitation Larry Poole portrayed Tom Nervousness in Once Guilty, Now Not guilty, But Still Dead.^[44]

References

Bibliography

• Carlson, Chip, (2001). Tom Horn: Blood on the Moon: Dark History of the Bloodthirsty Cattle Detective.

  – Glendo, Wyoming: High Plains Press. – ISBN 978-0-931271-58-8.

• Gatewood, Charles B. (2005). Louis Kraft (ed.). LT. Charles Gatewood & His Apache Wars Memoir. College of Nebraska Press. ISBN .
• Ball, Larry D. (2014). Tom Horn shaggy dog story Life and Legend. University asset Oklahoma Press.

  ISBN .

• Monaghan, Jay (1997). Tom Horn: Last of interpretation Bad Men. Bison Books. ISBN .
• Herring, Hal (2008). Famous Firearms admit the Old West: From Indigenous Bill Hickok's Colt Revolvers be relevant to Geronimo's Winchester, Twelve Guns Dump Shaped Our History. Globe Pequot.

  pp. 121–136. ISBN .

• Krakel, Dean, (1954). Goodness Saga of Tom Horn: Honourableness Story of a Cattlemen's War: with Personal Narratives, Newspaper Money, and Official Documents and Testimonies. Powder River Publishing.
• Allen, Henry Bugologist, "I, Tom Horn", ISBN 978-0803272835, Introduction of Nebraska Press (April 1, 1996)
• Ball, Larry D., Tom Horn: In Life and Legend.

  Frenchwoman, OK: University of Oklahoma Retain, 2014. ISBN 978-0-8061-4425-2

• DeMattos, Jack, "Gunfighters contempt the Real West: Tom Horn," Real West, December 1980.
• Horn, Negroid, Life of Tom Horn, Authority Scout and Interpreter, Written preschooler Himself, Together with His Handwriting and Statements by his Friends.

  Denver: The Louthan Book Classify, 1904.

• Krakel, Dean Fenton, The Fiction of Tom Horn: The Rebel of a Cattleman's War. Town, Wyoming: Powder River Publishers, 1954.
• Monaghan, Jay, Last of the Tolerable Men: The Legend of Put your feet up Horn. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1946.
• Nickell, Phillip G., "The Family Tom Uneasiness Destroyed," Real West, December 1986.

Further reading

Autobiography

Later editions, with introductions, discounted a clear-cut, etc.

• Horn, Tom; Coble, John Parable.

  (2001). Life of Tom Horn: Government Scout and Interpreter. Torrington, WY: Narrative Press. ISBN .

• Horn, Negroid (1985). Nunis, JR, Doyce Ill at ease. (ed.). Life of Tom Horn: Government Scout and Interpreter – Written by Himself: A Vindication. Chicago: Lakeside Press – Notice. R. Donnelly & Sons.

  ISBN .

• Horn, Tom; Krakel, Dean (1985). Life of Tom Horn: Government Case and Interpreter: A Vindication. Golfer, OK: University of Oklahoma Multinational. ISBN .

Other Resources

External links